I've long been intrigued by authors' use of pseudonyms. Today I'm delighted to host a guest post by Margaret Murphy, crime novelist, award-winning short story writer, and founder of Murder Squad, on this very topic:
'Traditionally,
authors will use pseudonyms as a disguise, to avoid reader and/or reviewer
bias, or to differentiate various styles or sub-genres of their writing. Think
Ruth Rendell/Barbara Vine, Agatha Christie/Mary Westmacott, and Evan Hunter/Ed
McBain – both of which are pseudonyms chosen by Salvatore Albert Lombino after
he was told by his editor that he would sell more books under an anglicised pen
name. John Creasey, founder of the Crime Writers Association, was a prolific
writer who used no fewer than twenty-eight pseudonyms (possibly to
disguise the fact that he was publishing seven or more novels in a year!). His
most famous series creations, adapted for TV and film, were probably The Toff and The Baron, penned under his own name,
while Gideon of Scotland Yard was written as JJ Marric.
Publisher bias
There is an appetite for novelty in the industry,
added to which, a midlist author with 2 - 3 books has baggage to overcome in
the shape of their sales records. BookScan is a database which compiles
information for publishers & booksellers on book sales, and if an author’s previous
works haven’t been bestsellers, the big book chains will order fewer and fewer
with each subsequent publication. The obvious way to avoid the downward spiral
is to be a bestseller with your first book. Simple, yes? Well, no. The USA and
UK publish around 500,000 books per year, but only a tiny fraction receive
meaningful marketing and publicity budgets. In fact, the Authors’ Licensing and
Collecting Society says the top 10% of earners account for around 70% of publisher
spend. Sadly, for the other 90% of authors, BookScan numbers are neither
nuanced nor contextualized; it’s a case of ‘Just the facts, ma’am’. Publishers
are usually transparent about relaunching authors under a new name precisely
because they’re only trying to fool the algorithms, not the reading public.
Gender bias
It’s been true since the Brontë sisters first
published their works that there is a gender bias against women in publishing. There
is plenty of both anecdotal and statistical
evidence that the books readers will choose, or discard –
and critics review, or ignore – are skewed in favour of male writers. A 2009 international survey by VIDA, the
Association for Women in Literary Arts, found that male authors’ books were
reviewed 66 percent more frequently than women’s in The New York Times Book Review and London Review of Books
– and the bias was even more pronounced in The Times Literary Supplement.
Things have improved since then, but a 2019 update demonstrated that the
balance still falls far short of parity.
My personal experience
Sustaining a career in writing takes resilience, grit, and an
ability to adapt. For me, that has meant a bit of shape-shifting and
name-changing over the past twenty-five years. I wrote nine novels as Margaret
Murphy, only adopting my first pseudonym (A.D. Garrett) in 2013 for a trilogy
of forensic thrillers. In that instance, the publisher wanted no hint as to the
gender of the writer. Following on from that, I wrote a dark-themed duology as
Ashley Dyer in consultation with forensics and policing expert Helen Pepper. When
my agent called to say the novel was generating real excitement, but my UK
publisher wanted another name change, I had only one question: will it sell
more books? Settling on the androgynous ‘Ashley Dyer’ was a team effort,
and again, the most important proviso from the publisher was that the pseudonym
must not be gender specific.
I first wrote Before
He Kills Again over a decade ago, and the late, great Reginald Hill read
it. He really liked the story and wrote some generous words of recommendation
for my agent to use as she touted it around the publishing houses. It was universally
praised and unanimously rejected
by over a dozen publishers. When I emailed Reg to let him know, he said they were – in his words – ‘fools’ and he urged
me not to give up on it.
In the decade that followed, A.D. Garrett and Ashley
Dyer took up all my creative energy and writing focus. But in 2019, I rewrote
the novel I’d set aside and steeled myself to submit it to Joffe Books,
offering it alongside my backlist of ‘Murphy’ titles. You can imagine my relief
and joy when they praised it and wanted to commission it! However, my
publisher, Jasper Joffe, was perplexed by my use of pseudonyms – what was the
point? I went through all the reasons outlined here, but he argued that good
marketing should be sufficient to remedy the vagaries of booksellers’ ordering
systems, and he wanted me to revert to my real name for the backlist as well as
the new novel. He was right: Before
He Kills Again became a bestseller in the UK and the USA in e-format, garnering over
1100 favourable reviews and ratings, and a nomination for the CWA Steel Dagger.
Of course, algorithms also have their influence on Amazon, as anyone who has
ever bought so much as a thumb tack via the tech company’s shop front will
know. But perhaps the difference is that readers who buy their books from
Amazon can add the nuance BookScan lacks, as they are free – even actively encouraged
– to comment and rate the books they read.
So,
dear reader, when you discover that an author has changed their name, please
don’t judge them too harshly – the reasons behind such decisions are complex
and may be beyond the author’s control. Oh, and if you like a book do rate it
for, on Amazon at least, there is literal truth in the phrase, per ardua, ad
astra!'